Endemic ammonite faunas evolved from cosmopolitan faunas in a series of successive episodes over about 35 million years of the Cretaceous of the Gulf Coast of the United States. During basin-basin-margin tectonic adjustments the Cretaceous barrier reef was inundated or circumvented so that a cosmopolitan fauna entered the back-reef area.

This Guidebook represents an updating of Bureau of Economic Geology Guidebook No. 5, Field Excursion-Geology of Llano Region and Austin Area. It also represents a modification of Geology of the Llano Region and Austin Area, Texas, published by the Shreveport Geological Society in 1971.

Basic geologic, hydrologic and engineering criteria on which selection of sanitary landfill sites should be based include (1) thickness, excavation characteristics, permeability, solution-holding capacity, and reactivity of host and cover materials; (2) hydrologic properties including depth to water table, season variation in position of water t

Regional surface and subsurface studies indicate that thick deltaic (Queen City Formation) and thin shelf (Reklaw and Weches Formations) sequences compose the stratigraphic interval between the top of the Carrizo Sand and the base of the Sparta Formation.