GB0002
GB0002. Texas Fossils: An Amateur Collector's Handbook, by W. H. Matthews III. 123 p., 26 figs., 49 pls., 1960. ISSN: 0363-4132: Print. ISBN: 978-1-970007-07-7.
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GB0002. Texas Fossils: An Amateur Collector's Handbook
GB0002. Texas Fossils: An Amateur Collector's Handbook, by W. H. Matthews III. 123 p., 26 figs., 49 pls., 1960. ISSN: 0363-4132: Print. ISBN: 978-1-970007-07-7.
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GB0002. Texas Fossils: An Amateur Collector's Handbook, by W. H. Matthews III. 123 p., 26 figs., 49 pls., 1960. ISSN: 0363-4132: Print. ISBN: 978-1-970007-07-7.
About This Publication
Designed for use by fossil collectors, students, and teachers, this nontechnical guide is a classic introduction to the fossils of Texas. It offers useful information, for example by defining what fossils are, where and how to collect them, and how they are used. The author offers suggestions on how the specimens can be identified and catalogued and includes many illustrations of the main types of plant and animal fossils. Included also is a simplified geologic map of Texas and a brief review of Texas geology.
Keywords: fossils, fossil collecting, Texas fossils, Texas geology, handbooks
CONTENTS
Introduction
What are fossils?
The study of fossils
Paleobotany
Invertebrate paleontology
Vertebrate paleontology
Micropaleontology
Preservation of fossils
Requirements of fossilization
Missing pages in the record
Different kinds of fossil preservation
Original soft parts of organisms
Original hard parts of organisms
Calcareous remains
Phosphatic remains
Siliceous remains
Chitinous remains
Altered hard parts of organisms
Carbonization
Petrifaction or permineralization
Replacement or mineralization
Replacement by calcareous material
Replacement by siliceous material
Replacement by iron compounds
Traces of organisms
Molds and casts
Tracks, trails, and burrows
Coprolites
Gastroliths
Pseudofossils
Dendrites
Slickensides
Concretions
Where and how to collect fossils
Collecting equipment
Where to look
How to collect
Cleaning and preparation of fossils
How fossils are named
The science of classification
The units of classification
Identification of fossils
Use of identification keys
Identification key to main types of invertebrate fossils
List of Texas colleges offering geology courses
Cataloging the collection
How fossils are used
Geologic history
Geologic column and time scale
The geology of Texas
Physiography
Trans-Pecos region
Texas Plains
High Plains
North-central Plains
Edwards Plateau
Grand Prairie
Llano uplift
Gulf Coastal Plain
Geology
Precambrian rocks
Paleozoic rocks
Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Mississippian
Pennsylvanian
Permian
Mesozoic rocks
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Cenozoic rocks
Tertiary
Quaternary
Main types of fossils
Plant fossils
Classification of the plant kingdom
Division Thallophyta
Division Bryophyta
Division Tracheophyta
Animal fossils
Phylum Protozoa
Class Sarcodina
Order Foraminifera
Order Radiolaria
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Coelenterata
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Zoantharia
Order Rugosa
Order Scleractinia
Order Tabulata
Phylum Bryozoa
Phylum Brachiopoda
Class Inarticulata
Class Articulata
Phylum Mollusca
Class Gastropoda
Class Pelecypoda
Class Cephalopoda
Subclass Nautiloidea
Subclass Ammonoidea
Subclass Coleoidea
Order Belemnoidea
Phylum Annelida
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Class Trilobita
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Ostracoda
Phylum Echinodermata
Subphylum Pelmatozoa
Class Cystoidea
Class Blastoidea
Class Crinoidea
Subphylum Eleutherozoa
Class Asterozoa
Subclass Asteroidea
Subclass Ophiuroidea
Class Echinozoa
Subclass Echinoidea
Subclass Holothuroidea
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Hemichordata
Class Graptolithina
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Pisces
Class Agnatha
Class Placodermi
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Osteichthyes
Superclass Tetrapoda
Class Amphibia
Class Reptilia
Cotylosaurs
Turtles
Pelycosaurs
Therapsids
Ichthyosaurs
Mosasaurs
Plesiosaurs
Phytosaurs
Crocodiles and alligators
Pterosaurs
Dinosaurs
Order Saurischia
Suborder Theropoda
Suborder Sauropoda
Order Ornithischia
Suborder Ornithopoda
Suborder Stegosauria
Suborder Ankylosauria
Suborder Ceratopsia
Class Aves
Class Mammalia
Subclass Allotheria
Subclass Theria
Order Edentata
Order Carnivora
Order Pantodonta
Order Dinocerata
Order Proboscidea
Order Perissodactyla
Horses
Titanotheres
Chalicotheres
Rhinoceroses
Order Artiodactyla
Entelodonts
Camels
Books about fossils
General works
Nontechnical and juvenile
Collecting helps
Reference works
Selected references on Texas fossils
Glossary
Index
Figures
1. Sketch of a coprolite—fossilized animal excrement
2. Sketch of a gastrolith—the gizzard stone of an ancient reptile
3. Dendrites—a typical pseudofossil
4. Types of symmetry in a fossil coral
5. Bilateral symmetry in fossil brachiopod
6. A brachiopod showing specimen number and accompanying label
7. Two types of micropaleontological slides
8. Typical Pennsylvanian crinoidal limestone
9. Typical Texas Foraminifera
10. Typical radiolarians
11. Morphology and principal parts of corals
12. Two types of bryozoans
13. Morphology and principal parts of articulate brachiopods
14. Lingula, a typical inarticulate brachiopod
15. Kingena wacoensis, a common Cretaceous brachiopod
16. Morphology and principal parts of gastropod
17. Morphology and principal parts of a typical pelecypod shell
18. Morphology and principal parts of the pearly nautilus
19. Characteristic features of the various types of cephalopod sutures
20. Types of typical fossil annelid worms
21. Morphology and principal parts of trilobites
22. Two extinct attached echinoderms, Pentremites and Caryocrinites
23. Typical modern crinoid, or “sea lily,” showing principal parts
24. Graptolites
25. Sketches of mastodon and mammoth teeth
26. Two views of a typical fossil horse tooth
PLATES
1. Geologic time scale (frontispiece)
2. Types of fossil preservation
3. Silicified brachiopods dissolved from Permian limestones of the Glass Mountains, Brewster County, Texas
4. Dinosaur tracks in limestone in bed of Paluxy Creek near Glen Rose, Somervell County, Texas
5. Fossil collecting equipment
6–8. Fossil identification charts
9. Physiographic map of Texas
10. Geologic map of Texas
11. Geologic range of the major groups of plants and animals
12. Fossil plants—thallophytes and tracheophytes
13. Fossil plants—tracheophytes
14. Paleozoic sponges and sponge spicules
15. Pennsylvanian corals
16. Cretaceous and Tertiary corals
17. Pennsylvanian bryozoans and Cambrian and Mississippian brachiopods
18,19. Pennsylvanian brachiopods
20. Pennsylvanian gastropods
21. Pennsylvanian and Cretaceous gastropods
22,23. Tertiary gastropods
24. Pennsylvanian pelecypods
25-28. Cretaceous pelecypods
29-31. Tertiary pelecypods
32. Pennsylvanian and Cretaceous cephalopods
33. Cretaceous cephalopods
34. Fossil arthropods
35. Fossil starfishes, crinoids, and holothurian sclerites
36. Cretaceous echinoids
37. Primitive armored fish, shark teeth, and conodonts
38. Comparison of the dinosaurs
39. Comparison of Mesozoic flying and swimming reptiles
40. Pelycosaur, cotylosaur, and a primitive amphibian
41. Swimming reptiles
42. Phytosaur and flying dinosaurs
43. Skull of Phobosuchus, from Cretaceous of Trans-Pecos Texas
45. Ornithischian dinosaurs
46,47. Cenozoic mammals
48. Tertiary mammals
49. Cenozoic mammals
Citation
Matthews, W. H. III, 1960, Texas Fossils: An Amateur Collector's Handbook: The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology, Guidebook 2, 123 p.