Upheaval Dome remains one of the most enigmatic structures in North America. Ongoing debate continues about whether the structure is a deeply eroded meteor-impact structure or a pinched-off salt dome. This report presents the case for the salt-dome hypothesis and critically evaluates the arguments on both sides of the debate. Upheaval Dome (Canyonlands National Park, Utah, is an enigmatic structure previously attributed to underlying salt doming, cryptovolcanic explosion, fluid escape, or meteoritic  impact.

In a 3-D seismic survey, we acquired data over an 8-mi2 section of Cut Bank field, located on the west flank of Sweetgrass Arch in Glacier County, Montana. The main objective of the study was to improve the results of an ongoing waterflood program. The targeted reservoirs were an alluvial braided-stream system having a gross sand thickness of 20 to 25 ft. These reservoirs were deposited as incised-valley systems that are now at a depth of approximately 3,000 ft.

Because specific-capacity data are useful for estimating transmissivity, they should be used whenever possible in hydrogeologic studies. Including specific-capacity data will increase the number of transmissivity estimates in aquifers, sometimes dramatically, allowing more accurate statistical and spatial descriptions of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Three main approaches are used in estimating transmissivity from specific capacity data: analytical, empirical, and geostatistical.