Minerals play a vital role in the economy of an industrial State. In Texas, where annual production of minerals currently amounts to more than $4.

This circular presents the history of "geological survey" in Texas from its beginning in 1858, through its intermittent early history, to [1965]. It also shows that any organization which carried the name "survey" was very short-lived in Texas.

Studies along the southern and southeastern borders of the High Plains have demonstrated the presence of outliers of fossiliferous Ogallala Formation in Borden and Scurry counties and have documented the occurrence of Pliocene deposition as far southeast as Sterling County.

The Red River rises in northeastern New Mexico and extends across northern Texas and east of the Panhandle serves as the northern border of that State. The late Cenozoic geology of the Red River basin has been studied intensively in northwestern Texas and in Louisiana.

In the past 100 years, more than 100 names have been used to designate parts or all of the outcropping Midway and Wilcox rocks in the Gulf Coastal Plain; less than half of these names are used currently by Coastal Plain geologists, and the validity of some of the remaining named rock units has be

Stones and minerals that are sufficiently beautiful, durable, and rare are known as gemstones. A gemstone with only one of these qualities is less desirable than one with all three.

The Ogallala formation extends from the north side of the Pecos Valley northward across western Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska into southern South Dakota.