Formation evaluation in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs is complicated by the presence of multiple pore types. Acoustic properties, Archie cementation exponents, and permeability transforms differ according to pore type.

The Gas Research Institute, U.S. Department of Energy, and the State of Texas cooperated in joint-venture research to evaluate the infield reserve growth potential of mature gas fields containing conventional reservoirs.

Permeability in a vuggy carbonate sequence can be related to particle size, separate-vug porosity, and interparticle porosity.