The Leonardian Spraberry Formation is a major oil-producing formation of the Permian Basin, accounting for more than 700 million barrels of oil produced from heterogeneous submarine-fan reservoirs.

Silurian and Devonian carbonate and chert rocks in the Permian Basin constitute a prolific hydrocarbon-bearing succession in West Texas and New Mexico.

The Upper Devonian Woodford Formation is an organic-rich petroleum source rock that extends throughout West Texas and southeastern New Mexico and currently is generating oil or gas in the subsurface.

The Ogallala aquifer, which underlies the Southern High Plains, consists of the saturated sediments of the Neogene Ogallala Formation. The aquifer is the main source of water for the High Plains of Texas and New Mexico and is being severely depleted by extensive pumpage for irrigation.

The San Andres Formation in the Palo Duro Basin is a middle Permian carbonate-evaporite sequence situated between two red-bed units, the underlying Glorieta and the overlying undifferentiated Queen-Grayburg sequences.

This folded transparent map is at the same scale as its corresponding Geologic Atlas of Texas (GAT) sheet and can be superimposed on it to compare gravity information with surface geology.

This folded transparent map is at the same scale as its corresponding Geologic Atlas of Texas (GAT) sheet and can be superimposed on it to compare gravity information with surface geology.

San Andres oil constitutes more than 80 percent of the total production from the Northern Shelf of the Midland Basin, Texas.

The San Andres evaporitic sequence in the Palo Duro Basin comprises several thick carbonate units in its lower part and many thin units in its upperpart. To the south, across the Northern Shelf of the Midland Basin, evaporites pinch out and carbonates predominate.

The Palo Duro Basin seemingly has all the elements necessary for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation: reservoirs, traps, source rocks, and sufficient thermal maturity. Porous facies in pre-Pennsylvanian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian strata are potential hydrocarbon reservoirs.